How is a hacker defined in the context of computer security?

In the context of computer security, a hacker is defined as a person who seeks and exploits weaknesses in computer systems. This definition encompasses the activities of individuals who may operate with malicious intent, aiming to gain unauthorized access to systems, steal data, or cause harm. Hackers utilize their knowledge of systems and networks to identify vulnerabilities—often with the goal of exploiting these weaknesses for personal gain, such as financial theft or unethical practices.

The other choices do not align with this definition. While developing software applications is a legitimate activity, it does not inherently involve the exploitation or manipulation of systems. Similarly, individuals enhancing system security are typically known as security professionals or ethical hackers, whose focus is on defending systems rather than attacking them. Government employees monitoring cybersecurity are also engaged in protective activities and do not fit the hacker profile, which is primarily centered around the act of exploiting vulnerabilities, whether for ethical hacking awareness or malicious purposes.