What is a data breach?

A data breach is defined as an event where sensitive data is accessed without authorization. This can involve personal information, financial records, or other confidential data being viewed, copied, or stolen by individuals or entities who do not have the legal right to access that information. The implications of a data breach can be severe, leading to identity theft, financial loss, and damages to an organization's reputation.

In contrast, the other options focus on different scenarios that don’t align with the definition of a data breach. Loss of data due to hardware failure does not involve unauthorized access, so it does not qualify as a breach. Incorrectly updated data may result in inaccuracies but not in unauthorized access to sensitive information. A successful login attempt from a foreign location could indicate unauthorized access, but it does not encompass the broader concept of a data breach since it would depend on whether sensitive data was actually accessed or compromised.