What is considered a vulnerability in an information system?

A vulnerability in an information system is a weakness that can be exploited by attackers. This concept is central to information security, as vulnerabilities represent potential entry points for unauthorized access or manipulation of data. When such weaknesses exist in software, hardware, or organizational processes, attackers can take advantage to breach security measures, carry out attacks, or compromise sensitive information.

The other choices, while related to the broader topic of information security, do not fit the definition of a vulnerability. Features that enhance system performance and authentication measures are typically proactive elements that strengthen security, while procedural controls focus on maintaining data integrity. However, they do not represent inherent weaknesses that would expose a system to risk. Recognizing and addressing vulnerabilities is essential for building a secure information system and protecting against various cybersecurity threats.