What is the purpose of the public key in asymmetric encryption?

The purpose of the public key in asymmetric encryption is to encrypt data and is shared openly. In asymmetric encryption, two keys are used: a public key and a private key. The public key can be freely distributed and is used by anyone to encrypt messages. When data is encrypted with the public key, only the corresponding private key can decrypt it.

This system enhances security because the public key can be shared without compromising the confidentiality of the data being communicated. Only the holder of the private key has the ability to decrypt messages that were encrypted with the public key, thus ensuring that sensitive information remains secure while allowing for open communication.